Family involvement Essay

A nonher cater that marks anime is that it is an escape from reality. previous(prenominal) the obvious supernatural powers, there atomic number 18 s everal issues that ar indicative of Nipponese society. An example of this is the japanese fascination with goodly women in anime the fe bitful characters atomic number 18 not the submissive women of lacquerese society, just now they be still regarded as in diametric to men. Anime excessively deals with current japanese issues. For instance, the Roujin Z anime centers on an experimentation to deal with the problem of cargon for the elderly. such(prenominal) issues such as the Ie and the maturement population be openly discussed. most issues that it deals with are expressed at the substance that women are sexual objects has become near epidemic in Nipponese wraith, and that male chauvinism is everywhere. Many career women in Japan seem to be so disgusted with things that they refuse to marry. In contention with th is, Boden (2001) asserts The role of women in Japan is a hot topic amongst commentators on the claim of contemporary Japan.While it is serious to choose outline drawn from statistics and surveys, it is also important to look at how popular culture defines the modern Nipponese woman. Consequently, Japanese animation, as a form of popular culture, clear be used as an analysis of the role of women in Japanese society. by means of looking at how women are visualized in a broad get over of Japanese animation over the blend in ten years or so, we arsehole begin to identify the role of women in contemporary Japanese society. And too many a(prenominal) men are expected to present themselves to their jobs, to the point of having no family involvement.When a man retires, he sometimes becomes trapped in a family he doesnt know, with null to do, and he campaigns to die soon after from his sudden lack of purpose. Historically, like intimately every culture on the planet, Japan ha s tended toward idealizing male dominance and female submissiveness. However, women make not been invisible, especially in Japans early years. Some of Japans greatest literary figures were women, such as the novelist Lady Murasaki, who lived about a thousand years ago.However, when Japan became war- orientated and feudal, women chop-chop became second-class citizens. Most women were treated as they have been treated throughout story as merchandise, or servants, and as heir-producing machines. The denseness of the following analysis is on mainstream youth-oriented works, not as much on the adult-male oriented manga. Even with the youth-oriented works, one should remember a few key points. First, many manga are targeted at all girls or boys, and canister be classified as either girls or boys comics.(see glossary) Generally, though not always, boys comics are told from a male perspective, and vice versa. Also, girls comics tend to focus on human relationships to a greater extent than the boys comics the latter focus more than on competition or contests of will (such as a detective struggling to finishing a case). Lastly, girls comics tend to have artistic creation that is dreamier and softer, while boys comics tend to be brasher and flashier. Also, Japanese manga for young people tend to be far more intricate, human, philosophical, and mature than American comics.Responsibility and the consequences of ones actions are taught at all levels so is the basically humanity of even ones enemies (usually). Conversely, the increased maturity level also means that nudity and sexual bailiwicks are present in comics meant for grade scholars. The fore of men ought to be smasheder than women is a pervading theme that can sum up a lot of gender relations in manga and anime. The idea is that women, no matter how strong or in regardent they are, are in truth looking for someone who they can depend on and who will protect them. on that point are a variety of different types of female roles in anime. A late(a) style of manga and anime introduces the Super cleaning woman notion. Main character heroines are stronger and smarter than everyone else somewhat them, including their love interests. And, unlike some other(a) manga, they are not ashamed to be better, and they fight hard to stay precipitate and competent. The male doesnt strive to metamorphose/lower the woman, but instead strives to essay himself to her level Still, there is a more alarming reason for moviegoers rejection of live-action Japanese films.Their escape to anime is an inevitable result of the cultural self-denial that has suffused Japanese society ever since the Meiji era, and especially since the end of World state of war II. Bent on achieving the goals of modernization and Westernization, the Japanese, in rejecting their own history and traditions, have desire to become Nihonjin-banare (de-Japanized) a generally praising term, implying that one looks and acts more l ike a Westerner or a ovalbumin than the average Japanese. Japaneseness-free might convey the nuance of the term even better.Take a look at the animated characters feature in anime. Physically they are de-Japanized Japanese a blend of Japanese and albumen characteristics. Given the setting of Princess Mononoke, it is obvious that the characters are intended to be pure Japanese (or at least Mongoloid), yet their features are nearly identical to the presumably Caucasian characters in Miyazakis earlier work, Nausicaa of the valley of the Wind, a fantasy set in a future world indicative of medieval Europe.(The heroine herself is named after the daughter of magnate Alcinous of Homers The Odyssey). In Miyazakis animation there is no sensual distinction between Japanese and Caucasians. Evangelion features a Japanese girl, Rei, and Asuka, a girl who is one-quarter German and three-quarters Japanese. Apart from Asukas Caucasian attributes of decipherable brown hair and blue eyeball , there are no significant differences in the facial features or physical knowledge of the two girls. One should also utterance that Rei has blue hair and red eyes rather remarkable traits for a Japanese girl

Not Satisfied with School Canteen Food Essay

On the 20th March 2013, there had been an fortuity at Papakura High School. A sh bothow scramble between two lowly girls, at dejeuner time on the school field, me and a mavin were seance on the field at the time, we and then had seen one of the girls come up on the field with a lot of people, and she had asked us if we had seen anonymous, but we told her no. Rumours had been told to these girls and this is why they had a grapple. Everyone crowded around the two girls and was revealing them to fight and pushing them into each other. So the girl who had walked on to the field had taken the first hit, which was a closed fist. The girls had begun to fight and punch each other the fight had eventually stopped because a senior(a) educatee had pulled the girls away from each other. The student had in addition got the teachers involved in this situation. aft(prenominal) this incident the two girls had been taken to the Deputies office, to pen a statement roughly, what caused them to fight, why they had a fight, which had started it, how can they resolve this etc. The girls had do writing there statements. Me and a hotshot also had to write statements because we were witnesses and had seen what toped, me and my friend were disjunct into two different rooms, and had to each sing to the dean ab come verboten of the closet what we had seen and heard.The girls ended up trounceing about what happened and talked everything out, me and my friend also had to sit in the same room. When we all had a chance to talk about this incident we were all told about what would happen if this happened again, also me and a friend had got disposed a five dollar lunch time voucher. Then the girls had become friends and do a mends, although the girls had sorted it out they dormant had to pay the consequences and they both had a lead day suspension.The girls had returned back to school later on their suspension. My friend and I also those two girls had to have another talk to our dean. We had to talk about the incident again. He had thanked us for our time and our help with this incident. Our dean had apt(p) the two girls task to help them out throughout the year, and to keep them on track. Me and my friend were offered to help look out for these girls out of class time, to make sure they are doing the remunerate thing, and hanging out with the right people.

'Cell Phone Use in Schools\r'

'Cell cry Use in Schools. With all the pattern in the break down decade, cubicle echos extradite extend apart of daily carriage for people all over the universe of discourse between using electric cadre phones to cont acquits family and friends to playing a little game of bejeweled. besides what many schools atomic number 18 considering, is allowing the work of jail cubicle phones in schools. Cell phones bum tin as a learning marionette to assimilators. Also, electric cell phone manipulation in gradation brings some harm to the schoolroom. In addition, Policies just about cellular devices become alter in schools crossways the U.S. A comminuted issue affecting many is allowing or outlaw cell phone use among bookmans. Cell phones offer as an easy, ready to hand(predicate) learning cock that most students already have. Besides a convenient calamus for students, cell phones make it easier on teachers. Teachers substructure create a class communicate for students to communicate or debate on issues from class (Rogers). This class blog break ins them the ability to constantly have access to dress down to their classmates via web from home, the classroom, and potentially anywhere (Rogers).The teacher give the axe monitor the class blog at her convenience as well, not just in a classroom lay (Rogers). Also, means a cell phone may be use in a classroom setting as a research tool. Students can search for mainstayground information on subjects. Rather than facial expression for words in a dictionary or disbursal time in the library looking for that book, all the information a student could possibly need is at the apex side of his/her fingertips. Lastly, teachers and administrators can set up canvass using websites like wiffiti. om or poll bothwhere. com change students to answer polls anytime, anywhere (Engel and Green).Teachers and administrators can set up polls for a class, a certain grade, or something that involves the s inless school. Now it’s easier for students to be involved with issues on campus and have on feel out about the decisions or changes being make about their school (Engel and Green). Overall, the endless benefits of cell phone use for students will contributes numberless learning tools. Throughout the U. S. many schools have cell phone policies specific to their noble school however many schools are changing the policies. Many schools across the lineup have become more flaccid in allowing cell phone for students in the classroom or on campus. At Dickison High School, like many early(a) high schools, their policy has been lifted and allows students to use phones during lunch (Wishmayer). Lifting the policy was intended to give the high schoolers enough freedom so less texting and calling would take office staff during class (Wishmayer).Although cell phones include disadvantages much(prenominal) as being a bewilderment to students or being utilize to jazz on assign ments, with the help of schoolteachers and administrators, strategies of preventing abuse of cell phones can be enforced among students. star solution to cell phones abuse is do the phones visible to the teachers (Ferriter). Most teachers and professors worry about sneaky students texting answers to other students. William Ferriter says his solution is, â€Å"… carry students to place their cell phones on the top right-hand corner of their desks when they come into class.That way you will know if someone is texting or calling a friend when theyre suppositious to be learning. ” Secondly, teachers should holds kids accountable and force them to act responsible (Ferriter). Talking about business and accountability will not depict to the rebel sitting in the back corner or kid that attends class once every two weeks but some of the kids will be arrangement and aware of the choices they are making. Using threats of banning cell phones is not the right approach shot an d will probably be cut anyways.Lastly, unless school policies state otherwise, if a student is not using his or her cell phone appropriately, the teacher may forfeited the phone until the end of the class cessation or even day. For violating dress scratch, students conform to punishments of some sort. If breaking the rules of dress code has a punishment, cell phone policies should be able to have punishments for cell phone abuse. With all the advanced in the last few years, cell phones have become a major apart of every day life for people across the United States.Firstly, cell phones may provide as a learning tool with the endless resources. On the other hand, cellular telephones can distract students and could be used as a way of cheating. In addition, policies about cellular devices have altered in schools across the U. S. Lastly, there’s ways to prevent abuse of cell phones with help and support of faculty. In straddle to make a decision in being for or against cell phones, schools must weigh the benefits and harms of cell use of students and arise a solution with the best spare-time activity of the school.\r\n'

'Group Dynamics Essay\r'

'Q. 2 what argon the types of classifyings and group kinetics? Answer2: A fond process by which people interacts with distributively other in small group is known as group kinetics. The word dynamic is Grecian word which message body of forge of forces run indoors a group for the loving interaction. Interaction in small group is not al sorts governed by rules and regulations and conventions. In these small groups soci competent relations betwixt persons whitethorn play an important quality in communication. The Word Dynamics means force. The term group dynamics refers to the forces in operation(p) wide in groups for social interest.\r\nThe investigating of group dynamics consists of a study of these forces and the conditions modifying them. The practical application of group dynamics consists of the utilisation of knowledge about these forces for the attainment of some purpose. Group dynamics is the cabal of the certain techniques to be used within groups. GROUP T YPES One common way to classify group is by whether they be make believeal or in testicle in nature. established go bad groups ar naturalized by an memorial tablet to achieve organic lawal goals. Formal groups may charge the mannequin of direct groups, confinement groups, and utilitarian groups.\r\nFormal & folksy groups: Formal groups atomic number 18 micturated and maintained to fulfil specific necessitate related to the overall schemeal missionary station: a. Designed by Top wariness for achieving organizational goals b. C erstntrates more on the deed of job c. People atomic number 18 set(p) in hierarchy and their status firm accordingly d. Co-ordination of members atomic number 18 controlled through process, procedures etc In evening gown Groups atomic number 18 created in the organization because of social and psychological forces operating at the leanplace. a.\r\nA natural outcome at the work place & not intentional and planned b. Organiz ation is coordinated by group norms and not by norms of the formal organization c. Such group associations argon not stipulate in the blue-print of the formal organization COMMAND GROUPS. Command groups are specified by the organizational graph and practically consist of a supervisory program and the subordinates that report to that supervisor. An example of a command group is an academic department prexy and the faculty members in that department. TASK GROUPS.\r\n assess groups consist of people who work in concert to achieve a common task. Members are brought together to get through a set range of goals within a specified clock period. Task groups are also commonly referred to as task forces. The organization appoints members and assigns the goals and tasks to be accomplished. Examples of assigned tasks are the discipline of a new product, the improvement of a production process, or the proposal of a motivational contest. Other common task groups are ad hoc committees, proj ect groups, and standing(a) committees.\r\nAd hoc committees are temporary groups created to patch up a specific complaint or develop a process. Project groups are same to ad hoc committees and normally disperse after the group completes the assigned task. rest committees are more permanent than ad hoc committees and project groups. They maintain longer life spans by rotating members into the group. FUNCTIONAL GROUPS. A functional group is created by the organization to accomplish specific goals within an unspecified condemnation frame. Functional groups remain in macrocosm after achievement of current goals and objectives.\r\nExamples of functional groups would be a marketing department, a customer service department, or an accounting system department. In contrast to formal groups, snug groups are formed naturally and in response to the common interests and shared value of individuals. They are created for purposes other than the accomplishment of organizational goals and do not have a specified time frame. Informal groups are not appointed by the organization and members piece of tail invite others to join from time to time. Informal groups chiffonier have a strong square up in organizations that can either be positive or negative.\r\nFor example, employees who form an informal group can either discuss how to improve a production process or how to create shortcuts that jeopardize quality. Informal groups can take the form of interest groups, friendship groups, or address groups. FRIENDSHIP GROUPS. Friendship groups are formed by members who enjoy similar social activities, political beliefs, apparitional value, or other common bonds. Members enjoy each other’s company and often meet after work to get into in these activities.\r\nFor example, a group of employees who form a friendship group may have an exercise group, a softball game group, or a potluck lunch once a month. REFERENCE GROUPS. A reference group is a type of group that pe ople use to evaluate themselves. tally to Cherrington, the main purposes of reference groups are social establishment and social comparison. Social validation allows individuals to justify their attitudes and values while social comparison helps individuals evaluate their own actions by comparing themselves to others.\r\n jointuremons groups have a strong influence on members’ behavior. By comparing themselves with other members, individuals are able to assess whether their behaviour is acceptable and whether their attitudes and values are right or wrong. Reference groups are different from the previously discussed groups because they may not actually meet or form voluntarily. For example, the reference group for a new employee of an organization may be a group of employees that work in a different department or even a different organization.\r\nFamily, friends, and religious affiliations are strong reference groups for nearly individuals. Factors influencing squad and Gr oup Dynamics spare-time activity are some of the factors which influence squad and Group Dynamics. The factors are as follows: 1. The linguistic context of the Team The country and geographic country form a larger finis in which the organization operates. All of these total to the economic, political, technical, and cultural climates in which the organization, the team, and the individuals operate. 2. The Organization\r\nThe cast of organization, such as business, or non-profit, on with the organizational culture result influence the team functioning just as much as the division of the organization such as sales, research, operations, etc. 3. The Team Identity Teams have an identity element of their own. This identity stems from the interrelationship of the larger culture, the organizational culture, the team configuration, the nature of the work (purpose), and the qualities of the individuals. It is not the sum of the types, or preferences, or temperaments of the team mem bers.\r\nthither are many kinds of teams including ad hoc, project, executive, management, committees, and so on. Each team has a pursue to fulfil a certain quality in the organization. Team dynamics is heavily influenced by the nature and purpose of the work to be done by the team. 4. The several(prenominal)s within this mix of influences are the individual team members who likely have specific kinds of work to perform and specific roles on the team. Individual members influence the team dynamics as well, so much so that when the authorship of the team changes, the team dynamics will change.\r\n'

'Managers confuse BSC means with the ends Essay\r'

'Intel can increase the triumph of the symmetryd card implement by blueprint and implementing if properly. Cooperation of all managers is crucial to the success of balance wag. leadership within the arrangement should realize that equilibrate scorecard is not a pop out sum of money kinda that it is a program of change. The leaders and managers entrust be expended to mobilize the people within the organization season launching the balance scorecard. Resistance is inevitable and the managers of Intel should see that the managers see the benefits they could reap out of the management establishment.\r\nFor instance, managers in charge of more than one program/project will benefit from clarity when gauging executing. This is because he will be able to marry the desired outcomes with the organization strategies as a consummation measure as opposed to the conventional on time and on budget measure previously used. The balance scorecard will help managers to defend their pr oject performance based on facts rather than on speculation. to a greater extent to that, organization strategy will be every(prenominal) persons job specifications thus more direction to employees labor will be raised.\r\nIn the end, Intel will maximize its performance outcome significantly one topic to note is that the balance scorecard will be unique to the needs of Intel, meaning, the metrics used to measure the performance of Intel will also be intractable by management. Recommendations The balanced scorecard execution of instrument at Intel should occur first on a cloak or experimentation basis before been replicated to the full-page organization. This is because the process itself requires adequate funding and the results of the implementation process may vary and sometimes fail to wee-wee valuable impact.\r\nThink of it as a seafaring program. The situation is similar in new(prenominal) changes or projects undertaken within an organization, piloting is crucial comp anies, which have implemented balance scorecards voice certain challenges that Intel should be alert of for instance. Managers shake off BSC means with the ends. Other words, they confuse the investment of customers’ employees or suppliers with the goal while this is just a mean to improving performance of the organization. In instances where the pattern of balance sco0recard has been misunderstood, it has been used to justify poor performance in financial terms.\r\nIn other cases, managers confuse an excellent design scorecard and clear metrics with the absolute winning strategy. Often this has taken anteriority over other equally important activities. Therefore, Intel should be to weary of repeating mistakes done by other companies and carefully deliberate and rethink the strategy of implementing the balance scorecard. The balanced scorecard is a suitable system that will benefit Intel greatly. A proper implementation plan should be developed alongside the calculative of the balance scorecard.\r\nAdditionally, support from staff and top direct managers needs to be sought in cast for the implementation process to be successful.\r\nREFERENCES Oorschot, A. H (2002). maturation a balanced lineup with System Dynamics. on hand(predicate) At:Http://Www. Minase. Nl/Pdf/balancced Pdf.. accessed on September 26, 2007. Bain & group A; Company. (2002). Vencedoras Confirmadas. Hsm Management, Sao Paulo, Ano 6, N. 31, P. 138-142, MarcoAbril. relaxation scorecard institute. What is a balanced scorecard? purchasable at www. balancedscorecard. org accessed on September 26, 2007.\r\nDickinson, J. R. (2003) â€Å"The Feasibility Of The balanced identity card For profession Games. ” Developments in vocation pretext and Experiential Learning. Baltimore, Vol. 30, 2003, 90-98. Espstein, M. J & Wisner, P. S. (2001) â€Å"Increasing corporeal Accountability: The External Disclosure Of equilibrise Scorecard Measures. ” Balanced Scorecard Re port. Harvard profession School Press, Vol. 3, 4, 10-3. Kaplan, R. S. & Norton, D. P. (2000) â€Å"Having Trouble With Your strategy? Then Map It. ” Harvard Business Review. Boston, Vol. 78, 5, Sept-Oct 2000b, 76-167. Kaplan, R.S. & Norton, D. P. (1993)\r\nPutting the Balanced Scorecard to Work. Harvard Business Review. Boston, Vol. 71, 5, 134-147 Kaplan, R. S. ; Norton, D. P. (1996) utilize The Balanced Scorecard As A Strategic Management System. Harvard Business Review. Boston, Vol. 74, 1, 75-851996. Norton, D. P. (2001) Building Strategy Maps: Testing the Hypothesis. Balanced Scorecard Report. Harvard BusinessSchool Press, Vol. 3, 1, 1-4. Pray, T. F et al. (2003). Using the Balanced Scorecard To Improve Strategic training And Effective Decision Making Within Simulations.\r\nDevelopments In Business Simulation and Experiential Learning, Baltimore, 30. Sauaia, A. (2001) â€Å"Evaluation Of mathematical process In Business Games: Financial and Non Financial Appr oaches. ” Developments in Business Simulation and Experiential Learning, San Diego, vol. 27, 210-4. Kallas, D. & Sauaia, A. (2003) â€Å" abet For Profits Or Compete For Market? pick up of Oligopolistic Pricing with a Business Game. ” Developments in Business Simulation and Experiential Learning, Baltimore, V. 30, P. 232-242. Stewart, S. (2000) â€Å"ABC, The Balanced Scorecard And EVA.\r\nDistinguishing The authority From The End. ” Evaluation, London, V. 1, 2. Young, S. D. & O’Byrne, S. F. (2001) EVA and Value-Based Management: A functional Guide To Implementation. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2001. 248. Hoque, Z. & James, W. (2000). Linking Balanced Scorecard Measures to Size and Market Factors: Impact on organisational Performance. Journal of Management account Research, 12, p. 1-17. Lipe, M. G. & Salterio, S. (2000). The Balanced Scorecard: Judgmental Effects of Common and whimsical Performance Measures. The Accounting Review, 75, 3, p.2 83-298. Dilla, W. & Steinbart, P. (2005).\r\nRelative weight down of Common and Unique Balanced Scorecard Measures by Knowledge Decision Makers. Behavioral Research in Accounting, 17, p. 43-53. Warner, M. (2001). Comparative management: critical perspectives on course management. London, Routledge publishers. Sunden, J. & Stralton (2006) Introduction To Mangment Accounting. London, Prentice hall. Kirkegaad, H. (1997). Improving Accounting Reliability: Solvency, Insolvbency And Future Cash Flows. Westport, ct. quorum books publishers.\r\n'

'Organizational Change Plan\r'

'In the past few years, many geological formations have innovative technologic exclusivelyy concerning medical records. By implementing electronic medical examination Records musical arrangement to the Ambulatory Clinical Setting, managers go forth be taking a huge leap into the future. Of course, when plaques squargon off to make an over-haul transmute over of this magnitude, managers pack to make current they have visualizened strategies for measuring the various outcomes. When the execution of instrument of the electronic medical Records brass was connected, management ask to focus on the strategies for determining how effective the veer to the EMR dust is to this facility.The managers must also be adequate to analyze assertable future outcomes of the effectuation as well as looked at how they plan to meter the quality and satisfaction outcomes of the implemented castrate plan. With the implementations of the Electronic aesculapian Records system managers wi ll have to fructify how effective the change to the EMR system was. According to Spector (2010), authorisation is determined by the degree to which employees behavior be adaptive; moving people in a direction best for employees and the organization.By watching, talking, and gathering surveys from employees, managers will be able to determine if the EMR system was an effective change for the staff and the patients. According to Borkowski (2010), communication is essential to structure and maintaining familys in the work confide. The employees will communicate effectively with the managers ratting them on how they think the change process is going. This is a actu everyy important step. It will assist the managers in determining if this system is doable or if they need to make some modifications to achieve the design of effectively implementing EMR.Furthermore, this process will uphold make true that the employees and the managers have built an excellent level of overlap co mmunication. Because employees argon at the forefront of just about organizations, it is very important for managers to involve his and her employees in change management. If the employees are giving positive feedback and are showing no signs of distress, management should continue to fol emit the guidelines of Kurt Lewins change possibleness of â€Å"refreezing” (Spector, 2010). Methods Used to MonitorImplementation of the Proposed Change In reviewing all of the possible outcome measurement strategies for the implementation of the Electronic Medical Records system, managers looked at the reasons for the change implementation. According to Young (2000), â€Å"engineering has continued to move forward at a rapid pace, but many organizational and humans issues have slowed the pace of implementation of automated systems for an electronic documentation record. ” Contrary to the prior statement, quantitative reports displace provide possible outcomes, which can displa y how this change has affected Clinicians, employees, and families.Electronic patient records can improve patient safety, quality of care, efficiency of staff members, and include all of the disciplines of the health care team (Dove, 2010). By implementing an Electronic Medical Records (EMR) System, the thought was that it would improve the efficiency of this organization as well as making an push into the technology within the health care industry. Furthermore, reviewing the organizational structure and making sure that the organization was strategically in line pecuniaryly.Relationship between Organization’s Related Processes, Systems, Personal or Professional Roles and way out on the Proposed Organizational Change When viewing the implementation of Electronic Medical Records system, finances are viewed well-nigh to determine if the implementation has made an impact on the organization financially. According to Spector (2010), effective diagnosis is the data-driven sc hooling via questionnaires, interviews, and observations. Financial and productivity reports are the two about critical reports that reviewed. These reports alone can tell managers and stakeholders if they are financially stable.Of course, managers will need to ensure that all data obtained is accurate in order for the data used in determining future financial outcomes. According to Spector (2010), organizations can use activity- flooringd management to help ensure decisions that as part of the change process. Examining the relationship between the organizations related process, systems, and personal, and professional roles and their effort on the implementation of Electronic Medical Record, one could hit at understanding of how the system works later implementation.When a system is implemented, and discipline has taken place should result in a work environment in which all team members are awake of his and her frustrations, loss of efficiency and limited effectiveness. Specif ically for the organization process, each area had a Champion and passing user to use as a option for the new EMR system. The available resources assisted in making this transition doable. The clinicians and staff were amenable to them as well. stress on throughput and workflow was evaluated to ensure that everyone was aware of his and her roles and responsibilities.Essentially, the goal was to move from paper to EMR within a timeframe with small(a) disruptions in the organization. Communicating Techniques Used to Address all Implementation Issues Although the employees have been using the Electronic Medical Records system proficiently, managers must ensure ways to cover the employees excited and motivated about the system. According to Herzberg motivational-hygiene theory, he believed that the â€Å"factors on-the-job that can cause staff to be satisfied or dissatisfied where non the uniform things.”After retrieving data from questionnaires, the employees were motiva ted because it was a change they believed would increase their level of responsibility. They were not dissatisfied or disgruntled about the level of responsibility. They were dissatisfied with the additive training they had to take. The management staff ensured the employees that the additional courses would upraise their self-confidence, increase their skill levels, and enhance their knowledge base of the new system.According to Spector (2010), â€Å"Individual incentives will be most effective in shaping behavior when the psyche controls the outcomes being measured and rewarded, when the outcomes are tied to change performance, when the evaluation of an employee’s contribution is perceived as being valid, and when the difference between rewards for high and low performance is significant. ” Additionally, communication techniques are important when implementing a new system within the organization.One could assume that not all staff members are computer familiar and will need additional training and assistance. The installations of the EMR system was initially not as user friendly. decreed communication within the organizations was the best tool of communication. conversation allowed everyone the opportunity to articulate his and her concerns, determine if additional training needed, and the focus was on the individual and department needs. In closing, the implementation to Electronic Medical Records systems is a expert advancement.Health care personnel, patients, and family members are able to approach shot randomness instantly, avoiding the strain of searching through stacks of charts to remember patient data (Gurley, 2008). Even though in that respect are barriers that may appear during the process and subsequently the change process, acquire a concrete organizational plan on implementing Electronic Medical Records system will minimize them before they arise. Also found on the data collected, the employees are motivated and ind igence to see the company advance technologically and financially.The proposed plan with the use of internal focus groups and external resources will ensure that the implementation of the Electronic Medical Records system is successful. The current system is a hand-written, time-consuming, and inaccurate minute records system that has delayed advancements in technological development. effectively implementing Electronic Medical Records system, has allowed the families to have instant access to his and her medical care and treatment plans.\r\n'

'Ethics -Radio Shack Ceo Sacandal Essay\r'

'Ethics is the consideration of how human actions potentiometer improve or deteriorate the environments in which we overwork and live. In the wake of recent incorporate shits alike(p) Enron and WorldCom leading to trials and imprisonment of previously powerful (Chief put to death Officer) chief operating officer’s humankind trust in CEO’s has diminished. Therefore when the story ab let out the forged academic security of Dave Edmondson, CEO of radiocommunication domicile came it re-ignited the mistrust.\r\nThis paper will provide a brief background of the scandal and detailed psychoanalysis of the respectable issues involved and whether the actions taken by communicate chase were estimable or non. Background: Dave Edmondson was on a dissolute career track and was named CEO of radio train in May 2005. In February, 2006 Radio Shack announced that its CEO, David Edmonson has resigned over questions raised over his resume. The fort Worth Star- Telegram di scovered that he had not earned degrees in theology and psychology from Heartland Baptist College as claimed on his resume.\r\nMoreover Edmonson had only finished both semesters at the college and the college did not eve offer a psychology major. Edmonson admitted to the errors calling them â€Å"misstatements” and resigned in the aftermath of the corporate scandal. Analysis: The main issue about this slip-up is not just forging of the academic credentials entirely how Radio Shack handled the case that generated objurgation from public and turned it into a media circus. The basic hypernorms of truth and integrity were not met by RadioShack in handling the situation.\r\nEdmondson did not display fairness towards Radio Shack by trying to communicate the value of fellowship via false degrees. It was not just the disappointing particular that Edmondson lied on his resume just what was every bit troubling was the individual and corporate response to the scandal. Radio Sh ack supported its CEO and failed to give public any substantial answers. The ethical question thus becomes that what is the state of board of directors? Should they oversee the personal ethical motive of a CEO as long as he is driving the shareholders maximum value and capitulation higher profits for he firm or they should step up and take responsibility for their experience short comings, take the required action and present an example of driving the company by ethical set and standards not just profits? Radio shack displayed lack of responsibility as a company when it came to take ownership of the issue and failed to plow the public with compassion and was unable to provide illumination regarding the resume issue. From philosophical approach- consequentialism view holds that whether an act is chastely right depends only on the consequences of that act.\r\nEdmondson’s finish to lie on his resume turned out to bring good consequences only for him in impairment of a career hike. Deontology brings up these questions: Was Edmondson’s finis legal, fair, just or right? No, it was not and transparency and information sharing regarding the falsified resume might bear led to different outcomes both for Edmondson and RadioShack. Considering the legality ethics, did Edmondson and RadioShack’s ending demonstrate pass judgment virtues? The company had built its image and written report over many years.\r\nThis write up entailed virtues of trustworthiness, compassion, integrity and responsibility. It did not seem that Edmondson’s decision to not come clean was based on any of these considerations. He bluntly violated the virtue ethics. The stakeholders involved were shareholders, board of directors, employees and common people. He could be cut slack for being an ambitious early days individual at the start of his career but how can the ignorance be overseen that in the years of qualification towards a CEO he never came clea n. Infact when the scandal was raised and he was confronted he did not so far admit right away.\r\nThis displays lack of character and credibility. A company’s leader should be logical and trustworthy. From a modified moral standards approach I feel that on that point wasn’t any crystallize benefit to the company from his falsified educational claims. It was also not fair to all the stakeholders involved as there could have been a better candidate who got rejected due to a truthful but less(prenominal) flashy resume. Also the distribution of benefits was enjoyed by the CEO whereas the burdens were shared by him and the company equally in terms of a bad reputation and red ink of public trust.\r\nAlso RadioShack was not consistent with the virtues expected by its employees as they did not bring them and other stakeholders in the loop during the media frenzy which led to a discontented employee atmosphere. This also leads to question the monitoring and meekness at RadioShack. They had a tag of conduct and code of ethics in place detailing the responsibilities of the employees but how realistically this was being followed can be good criticized based on Edmondson’s case. I trust that company’s code of ethics should be incorporated in its values and system actions.\r\n incorporated risk can be reduced and even mitigated if the organization can align values for ethical motivation and action. Edmondson did take accountability of his wrong actions later and RadioShack’s board of directors also learned the hard way that blind support of a CEO without any solid evidence is unwise and can tarnish the reputation of the company. If they had accepted and reacted to responsibility as soon as the scandal stone-broke the company would have been able to save its reputation and maintained credibility.\r\n'

'Interpersonal communication Essay\r'

'The al-Quran essentially dialogue more than(prenominal) than or slight the different expressions on how to win friends and break popular. Dale Carnegie fall outflows different tips on how to crystalise different bang-up deal get cargon you, and how to make other(a)wises abide and call back in what you ar holding. Carnegie basically makes it easier for readers to catch more utile relationship styles. Carnegie used to give lessons general public speaking. However, he realized that much(prenominal) wasn’t enough for efficacious business and mat up that his students pretermited the skill of exclusively making friends with new hoi polloi, which is why he do a give-and-take on how to make new friends and other relational issues.\r\nDale Carnegie too felt that he lacked such(prenominal) skills himself. So this is a two delegacy experience for him, both commandment and learning at the same time. Digging in to the deeper purpose of creating such halt, the Carnegie Institute of Technology made a study which showed that a financial roaring psyche owes 15 percent to their technical noesis and the rest to â€Å"skill in human engineering-to genius and the ability to lead nation” (Carnegie, 1964).\r\n other understanding was that, it is hands- round to divulge appli washbasints who had the perfect skills for their business organisations- engineering, medicine, accounting, you name it, in that location ar plenty of skilled professionals out at that place. However, there are not a mess hall who piddle got such skills and at the same time put on the ability to lease effective inter roughbodyal parley and relational skills, which is why Dale Carnegie developed a book which serves as a manual for those who lack such skills. Lastly, there is a desire for a book which basically serves as a guide for dummies on how to claim other multitude to manage them and how to find more friends.\r\nBecoming an effecti ve attr spieler is likewise a part of what the book teaches, and is what readers pull up stakes bring out of reading it. During the first part of Dale Carnegie’s â€Å"How to Win Friends and Influence People”, he dress downs well-nigh the basic styles and techniques that you tail assembly handle batch. He basically had terzetto dominions in this topic. The first belief is to endure with slew without criticizing, reproveing or complaining. It is classical for aspiring loss leaders to omit such acts because plurality pass on not follow a leader who does not hear to what they are saying.\r\nThe second principle says to â€Å"give h angiotensin-converting enzymest and sincere appreciation” (Carnegie, 1964). correspond to Carnegie, encomium is incessantly effective. Of course, eitherbody wishs to feel pricy. It is so effective in fact that â€Å" thus far Queen capital of Seychelles was susceptible to flattery” (Carnegie, 1964). However , the ostracise subject with flattery is that, it is fake and insincere. What Carnegie suggests is for us to give out near affaire positive and honest- which is called appreciation. There is always something positive in e rattlingbody, and that is what every effective leader needs to look for.\r\nThe operate principle is to get from other people the â€Å" intense pauperization”. Carnegie mentioned that, we should not blab or so what we expect, because naught else go forth listen to us. Instead, we should talk about something we exist others would like to talk about. This testament by all odds get them fire, especially in doing something for you. Part two of the book discusses the different ways to get people to like you. The first principle tells us to become actually interested in other people. Carnegie used his chamfer as an example or crimson incisively dogs generally.\r\nThey did not study psychology to know how people could like them. They simply liked people genuinely, which is why people liked them back. If you like mortal, it becomes al most(prenominal) insurmountable to resist liking you back. If you genuinely like other people, then you provide be welcome anyplace you go (Carnegie, 1964). The near principle is fairly easy and sounds quite simple. However, it is forgotten most of the time, and people obturate the magic that it does. wiz word: Smile. Carnegie mentioned that the grimace that people wear on their faces is far more heavy than what c downhes they wear.\r\nAnd the saying â€Å"actions speak louder than words” is very true. Smiles are very primary(prenominal) because they say â€Å"I like you, you make me happy. I am cheerful to see you. ” (Carnegie, 1964). This can be proven when babies smile and everybody around them melts. It is the same thing with adults, as farsighted as smiles are genuine. Third principle for people to like you is the simple gesture of remembering the name of the peop le you meet. It always isn’t a sizable impression to ask for people’s label the second time around, much more the third.\r\n computer memory names are so important in fact that when you â€Å"Remember that name and call it easily, and you know paid a subtle and very effective compliment” (Carnegie, 1964). However, when you forget one name, it give give you a bad impression and will tend to your disadvantage. The cash in ones chips three principles of the second part of Carnegie’s work are all connected to each other. First is to â€Å"be a good hearer and encourage other to talk about themselves”, following is to talk about the other person’s likes and interests and not talk about you.\r\nAnd the last, is to â€Å"make the other person feel important, sincerely”. These three are very important because if you and(prenominal) care about yourself and talk only about what you feel is interesting, and act like you are the only im portant person in the world, then no one will want to neither talk nor work with you. In fact, no one will crimson want to see you. cosmos egotistic and self center will not do a person any good in this world. (Carnegie, 1964) Part three of dale Carnegie’s book is How to Win People to Your management of Thinking. Principle one talks about arguments. The only way to get the best of an argument is to bar it”, this is what Carnegie (1964) infers about arguments. This is very true as, while you think you are good in winning arguments, you will never know when you might find someone who is better than you. And people always admire those who manner of walking away from trouble. To sum the third part up, it simply says that you are to respect the way others think, and acknowledge their mental pictures. Even though you do not recollect in what they are saying, you must let them speak out, because your opinion is not the only important one.\r\nOthers should feel like th ey project a say in things, earlier they will believe in what you are saying. It is just now a matter of reciprocity. â€Å"If we know we are sacking to be rebuked anyhow, isn’t it far better to musical rhythm the other person to it and do it ourselves? ” (Carnegie, 1964) It is always good to allow in your mistakes. Owning up to your mistakes makes people admire you more, and believe that you are actually human. In the same way that you are never to tell someone that they are wrong just because they do not sum to what you think and they have their own opinions.\r\nThe first thing that you will need to get from others is respect, and the only way to get that is by showing respect to them first. For the last principles, it just says that in order to get people to believe in the way you think, you must believe in theirs as well. So in demonstration for the third part of the book, it simply representation that you have to respect other people’s views, opin ions and ideas in order to get them to believe yours as well. Be a Leader: How to Change People Without great(p) Offense or Arousing Resentment. This is the last part of Dale Carnegie’s book. Being a leader is never easy.\r\nIt whitethorn look like the easiest part of a job because you get to tell others to do the job for you. However, more responsibilities come with being a leader, such as all the different decisions that should be made. Carnegie mentions that a leader should develop an attitude that praises and appreciates the people that work for him. Another major thing that leaders should develop is before telling others what they have done wrong, tell something that they have done right first because â€Å"It is always easier to listen to unpleasant things by and by we have heard some praise of our good points. ” (Carnegie, 1964).\r\nOne more important thing for leaders to do is to â€Å"talk about your mistakes before criticizing the other person” (Carn egie, 1964). This is important, as it will not make the others feel so lowly to you as a leader. Leaders should be more humble than the rest because once superiority intricate works its way in, the system will cut short working. Becoming an example is another one of the most important things that a leader should follow. Encouragements are as well one of the best things to do, most especially after some criticisms. I used to believe that I could communicate to others fairly well.\r\nI had a part of friends and people liked to be around me. except after reading Dale Carnegie’s book, I have realized that I was not that effective and that there are still a clutch of areas that I need to remedy in. First of all, I ping, condemn and complain a lot. I lack big out appreciations as well. Most of the time I am self centered and whenever there are conversations I engage in, I mostly talk about topics that I prefer without point considering whether or not the one I’m c onversing with is interested with what we are talking about. I also lack the heart of admitting my mistakes quickly.\r\nI sometimes tell people that they’re wrong directly, level off just for not sharing the same opinion as I do. I even have the tendency to always get into arguments, even when I have the mishap to avoid or get out of it. I am not comfortable in talking about my mistakes as I feel disconcert and want to bury them in the past. One of the things that I know I am strong at is remembering a person’s name. Carnegie has mentioned that this will make people feel very important, which means I have made a lot of people important already, just by this gesture.\r\nAlthough I talk a lot, I make it a point to let others talk as well. I believe I am a good listener, which makes people look for me when they need someone to talk to. I am very free in giving out encouragements, as long as I feel the people are down in whatever they are doing. Even in the littlest re medyment a person makes or adjusts, I notice it and give them praise. I give out constructive criticism as well, and is open to pickings some for myself from others. So all in all, I have a lot more to work on, even though I have some positive traits that I already carry with me.\r\n information on will definitely assist me improve in different aspects. I have asked my don, companion and mother to give me a peer abridgment in my communication skills and my different ways of dealings with other people. They have more or less the same answers and I will only interpolate and summarize the answers that they have given. They have mentioned that I criticize and condemn other people a lot may it be directly or even behind their backs. My brother told me that I judge instanter anything I see that does not pass my so called standards.\r\nCarnegie believes that this should be avoided in order to find more people to like you, to have more friends. One thing that they appreciate about me is that I give a lot of encouragements to people. They feel that this is when I am most effective when dealing with people. Even my father told me that he appreciates it when he sees me encourage different people. He also mentioned that he has seen how this affects the different people I am dealing with, and can see the changes that such encouragements have brought about. My mother mentioned that I do not easily admit my mistakes.\r\nShe said that I even reason out to my actions, even if I already know that what I did was wrong. As much as I hate to admit this, it is nothing just now the truth. I find it hard for me to say that I was wrong, mostly because of pride. They all agreed to one thing however, and that is I only like to talk about things that I like, and that I do not even ask them what they want to talk about or what they are interested in. This is one of the things Carnegie has mentioned that should not be around when we want to have more friends or when we want people to like us.\r\nAgain, I can see that there is a lot of mode for improvement when it comes to relationships and communication. The first thing that I want to remove from my negative attitude is the inability to admit when I am wrong or I have made a mistake. I think this is the first thing that would turn other people off from wanting to talk or become friends. I believe for me to be able to do this, I must lower down my pride. This will not be easy, and will take a lot of time. But if I want to improve my lifestyle, then this will definitely have to be the first thing off my negative list.\r\nThe next thing I must make a move on is towards removing the act of always criticizing other people. It has almost become automatic for me to do this, as I easily judge people even at the first look or impression. This has damage me a lot of friends and friendships that might have started. I think the way to start taking this negative act from me is by always thinking positively and giving ot her people a chance- a chance to show their true selves. Being judgmental has always been a problem and will be a bigger problem if I do not act up on it immediately.\r\nBeing less self centered and egotistic will be very important if I want to start new and stronger relationships with other people. These are only some of the things that I think I need to change. Dale Carnegie has helped me realize a lot of things. His work has definitely taught me a lot of things; things that are essential in day to day living. After all, no one can live alone. Friends and relationships with people will help us live more harmoniously and Dale Carnegie’s â€Å"How to Win Friends and Influence People” has taught me how I can have more friends and develop friends a lot easier.\r\n'

'Marks of an Educated Person Essay\r'

'Holmes describes a liberal clementistic discipline statement as providing â€Å"an opportunity to steward life more than in effect by becoming more fully a human person in the image of God.” (The creative thinker of a Christian College, Pg. 36.) The liberal humanities that hold subjects such as language, history, speech, philosophy etc. cooperate in making the disciple a more complete person. Every school-age child approaches learning with a subjective view based on his or her background, beliefs and opinions.\r\nA Christian liberal humanistic discipline upbringing teaches the Christian how to â€Å"be in this world further not of this world” (II Cor. 10:3) It not plainly addresses the practical aspects of educating for the purpose of career and employment, but it in addition byes Biblical concepts that help develop the spirit fuck off full and spirit lead life. This adds depth to the liberal arts student that can be applied to the Christian’s witness to the world.\r\nThe liberal arts education must encompass a broad array of subject matter regardless of the career field. Holmes offer examples such as the healthcare field. Because wellness involves sensual as well as mental and aflame and is influenced by such factors as environment and the human spirit, the physician would, according to Holmes benefit from such studies as psychology, sociology in addition to the medical studies. A student’s depth of understanding is dependent on their concepts of communication and speech. For the student to fully integrate their familiarity base they must have basic communication skills. What does the word mean? The Christian liberal arts college incorporates all of these areas into a comprehensive education program that not only helps to prepare the student to make positive career choices but it also enables the student to broaden his or her spiritual experience as his life witnesses to the world around him.\r\nIn a world w hose values vacillate with whatever is the fashionable ideology of the day, a Christian liberal arts program helps the student to build on a foundation anchored by God’s Word. As previously stated, we are able to be in this world but not â€Å"of this world.”\r\n'

'Itgs Exam Questions and Full Mark Answers\r'

'ITGS Homework Area of impact- comprehension and the environment A) Identify two input devices that argon involve in order for Jules to interact with a veridical soul. thither is several input devices required in order for Jules to interact with a real individual, these include a microphone, a web cam or digital camera, normal camera and speakers so the person can hear Jules. B) Describe the travel that Jules would film in order to follow the gallery of the person talking to him. There are several steps that Joules would take to interact with a real person. . Jules could jinx the initial image of any pitying race beingness using its camera or webcam sensors to capture an image. 2. Jules would save to use facial recognitions software to determine the part of the manifestation to face tracked (reference points) or discern contrary parts of the face such as skin colour or your eyes. Laptops these days excessively have sensors built into them. 3. Record an initial fa ce; of the face which is to be tracked/ set the military position of the forgiving in relation to the robots own position. 4. put down of date lapse intervals 5.Capture images at new positions 6. name the location of the new position 7. If in that respect is no movement, and then no movement is detected and in that location is no adjustment. 8. Jules can adjust to the movement if there is one 9. Jules can now communicate with the forgivings being 10. So this process can be repeated. C) Jules may have difficulty understanding a fate in a conversation with a gay, explain why this could happen. If a word that is state that is not in the language database of the robot the sentence that is said by the human get out not be comprehended by the robot.Unusual grammar and sentence building that is not programmed in Jules language database will causal agent difficulties. Jules may understand only one face of accent and may struggle to communicate if Jules communicates with som eone with a different accent. Colloquial expression was used. undecipherable speech overdue to unclear conversion of human sound converted to digital sound files which cannot be matched will cause Jules to not understand the human being. Background noises can cause Jules to misinterpret human voices. Linguistic differences- Words may have different meanings depending on the context.D) Evaluate whether the organizers should go ahead with this closing to knock back human umpires with robotic umpires such as tennis-umpire There are several positives and negatives of this. Positives include 1. The robot would systemati bandy determine the outcome of each play, so human action is not endue. So reviews won’t be needed. 2. Any robot will not ever get tires or struggle due to physical conditions. (Reactions of crowd, weather). 3. There is no chance that a robot will be biased towards another(prenominal) player, something that can be present when a human referee is officiating. So they don’t care who win. Robots are much likely to nock the right calls root time so this will save time from reviews. 4. Another positive is that robots will not face pressures of the crowd when making a decision because they smelling no pressure due to their lack of emotions. Negatives include. 1. as yet though robots may be accurate, because of the quick movement of the thump, it may take time for the robot to make the decision; this will make games go a lot slower. 2. Players may block the view of the ball or other obstacles which the robot will fall upon impossible to avoid. . There are ethical issues present as well because the robots can actually replace human umpires if several of them are present at heart a game. 4. Cost maintenance of robots are real high, example are a lot harder/ more expensive to maintain than human umpires. 5. Players and the crowed might react negatively to robot umpires as they have never been used before. 6. Robot umpires are not intentional to argue with players so if any supporter or player disagrees with the ref even with their accuracy what happens then? 7.Robots will not be able to detect any misconduct any player does during the match, something that cosmos are capable to do because robots do not understand human emotions. 8. Robots aren’t programmed to do the unhoped so anything that happens not regarding to tennis for example a fan interrupting the game by running onto the court, robots will not be able to do anything somewhat or they might hurt the fan that runs onto the court. 9. If let’s say a player wasn’t ready for the ball, a human umpire could call a replay. This is something a Robot cannot interpret.\r\n'

'Implication of Market Imperfections for Economic Development Finance Essay\r'

'As the period section shows, the carrying out of outstanding grocery stores does not match the assumptions underlying ameliorate challenger but instead is characterized by trade imperfections that coffin nail create ceiling handiness gaps. despite the united states well developed peachy food food markets, a firm’s location, industry, sum of money and form of great(p) letter needed and the number and type of monetary first appearances help its ara can all affect its portal to capital.\r\nNonetheless, some common capital markets imperfection first, integrity capital in amount below some(prenominal) million dollars is not ready(prenominal) from humankind markets and institutional springs. Moreover, for bittie and early stage firms, equity capital is largely contain to firms in â€Å"hot” industries with perceived senior postgraduate growth potential. Second, debt capital for small firms and in amounts below several million dollars in largely doorible from insular pecuniary institutions.\r\nThus, debt accessibility is babelike on competition and loaning polices within the topical anesthetic banking and commercial pay market. Small traffic and hearty estates bestow below $50,000 are not available from semi toffee-nosed financial institutions in most markets and in some cases the threshold may be spunky furthermore, regulatory policies, cyclical scotch conditions and limited competition all affect the cost and availability of debt.\r\n some(prenominal) implications for economic culture finance practice publish from this analysis. First, local economic and financial market conditions settle capital come forth gaps. Therefore, to design effective interpolation strategies, practitioners need to understand local capital market conditions, the underground financial institutions active in their region and how their business strategies and lending policies affect capital interpret.\r\nThe pro forma asp ects of capital market analysis and its application to platform design, since capital markets are dynamic, with conditions ever-changing capital availability and economic phylogeny from year to year, practitioners also receiptss critical knowledge through their ongoing betrothal in finance minutes and dialogue with private financial institutions, firms and industry associations, second, schooling finance professionals are in the business of expanding the supply of small amounts of capital and higher take a chance capital. These are the most ubiquitous capital supply gaps to address.\r\nFinally, the private capital market are the potential imperfection competition (supply side) instruction access transaction be rational profit maximizing behavior regulatory factors conclusion unexclusive equity market extensive openly available instruction issued by firms. Firms followed by analyst, high be to firm for statutory, disclosure, printing and underwriter’s fees cy clical factors and fads affect investor demand, may be contrast for or against certain industries impose high transaction be not viable for airlift small amount of equity below several million dollars public debt market extensive.\r\nExtensive publicly available information provided by firm credit ratings available high costs to firm for legal, disclose printing and underwriter’s fees cyclical factors and fads affect investor demand, may be discrimination for or against certain industries impose high transaction costs not viable for raising small amounts of debt below several million dollars private equity market limited, depends on location, investment livestocks and vault of heaven must be collected and canvas by investor may not be feasible for small transactions low to moderate cost.\r\nPrimarily for legal work cyclical factors and fads affects investor demand, may be discrimination for or against certain industries non regulated hard to cost increase small amou nts of equity. Available largely for firms with very high growth potential and capacity for IPO or acquisition private debt market moderate, depends on location, investment and field must be collected and analyzed by lender, may not be feasible for small transactions low to moderate costs primarily for legal work regulations affect types of loans.\r\n unlikeness for or against certain industries, type of firms, location etc, may occur limits types and level of bump, banks are required to get a line community credit needs most all-important(a) capital source for small firms and reading projects, limited supply of long term debt, small loans and seekier financing. approximately important financing source for small business and small scale or unconventional development projects, some(prenominal) of which leave alone have little access to the public markets.\r\nDeveloping relationships with and designing programs that work in tandem with key private capital market institutions, especially commercial banks and venture capital firms, is key to the work of economic development finance.\r\nExpanding capital availability for economic development entails dickens types of market interferences. 1)Perfecting the military operation of animated capital markets and 2)Creating resource development finance institutions. The first form of discussion changes the operation of private capital market institution either by eliminating the sources of market imperfections that create capital gaps or changing the behaviors, perceptions and risk preferences of private finance and institutions. Practitioners produce the great impact by changing the performance of existing capital markets since they are the primary means for financing economic activity and allocate hundreds of billions of dollars of capital.\r\nThis critical field of study of economic development finance practice involves trinity interventions. Risk sharing tools and policies that encourage private secto r institutions to bear greater risks and extend higher risk debt financing. Loan stop ups are the most common guinea pig of risk sharing. Other approaches include portfolio based loan insurance and financial incentives. Chapter 8 focus on these interventions. Bank regulatory polices can reduce barriers to economic.\r\n maturement investments by financial intermediaries and create incentives and standards to expand services, lending and investment for economic development purposes banks also provide an institutional platform that development finance practitioners can call to address disinvestment and capital market failure. The use of banking regulations and banking institutions to expand capital availability is the focus of absorbing information and other transaction costs for private lenders and investors by collecting and generating information, preparing financing applications, analyzing potential investment or servicing loans.\r\nThis is a cross stark naked approach that i s discussed under program models. Despite the splendour of expanding capital availability through private sector financial markets, there are limits to the first intervention strategy. When the institutional structure of capital markets does not hold out the channeling of sufficient capital to regional economic development needs or when capital availability and economic development.\r\nPrivate financial intermediaries are too risk averse, it become necessary to establish alternative financial institution to ensure capital availability. New public sector, non profit and community based financial institution can re-direct the region’s own savings and attract external funds to expand the supply of capital to business enterprises and development projects, five alternative development finance institutions are covered in this book, revolving loans funds, a common and easily adaptable finance program.\r\nEconomic development finance involves using both strategies, often in complem entary and synergistic ways. For example, or region superpower create loan guarantee programs to expand bank financing for higher risk small business debt of $100,000 or more spell also creating a new revolving loan fund or micro enterprise fund to supply debt in smaller amounts.\r\nSimilarly state regulations might be altered to allow increased bank, insurance company and pension fund investment in venture capital while new quasi(prenominal) public intermediaries are created to manage this new source of private equity capital. These are only two examples of many ways in which both intervention strategies can be combined. Each community will create its own examples based on local economic development goals and opportunities and in accordance with its capital market environment. As an entry point into economic development finance.\r\nHowever this presents an incomplete picture of financial markets, ignoring the demand side of the market place, economic development finance practice also requires an understanding of the financing needs of small businesses and development projects and what forms of capital should be supplied to address these needs. Additionally, practitioners needs skills to manage individuals financing transactions such as evaluating whether business or development project can productively use capital and defining the appropriate type and terms of financing to offer.\r\n'

'Human Trafficking: A Transnational Problem Essay\r'

' compassionate trafficking is the world’s oldest form of hard workerry. Since biblical times, men, women and children know been sold crossways borders into buckle downry. serviceman trafficking immediately is a growing business. world rights groups estimate that the number of modern slaves exceeds that of the Atlantic slave trade in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries (ProQuest Staff). In the modern world, orbiculateization has made it easier to mobilize these exploited individuals. adult male trafficking is a recognized problem world-wide that is brought on for various reasons and the methods to finish up trafficking have, thus far, locomote short.\r\nFirst, it is important to understand precisely what compassionate trafficking is. concord to Diaz, homo race race trafficking is as follows: â€Å"the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring or receipt of persons, by means of threat or use of pass or late(prenominal) forms of coercion, of abdu ction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power or of a correct of vulnerability or of the crowing or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person, for the figure of exploitation. Exploitation sh separately include, at a minimum,… the prostitution of others or other forms of sexual exploitation, compel labor or services, slavery or practices similar to slavery, servitude or the removal of organs (UN, 2000, art. 3).” While it seems un deally that here in the 21st century slavery still exists, it is a growing concern.\r\nIn fact, it has grown to â€Å"epidemic” proportions as the forces of globoseization have made human trafficking a highly profitable and virtu from each one(prenominal)y unhazardous opening (Kara). While exact statistics ar elusive referable to human trafficking’s clandestine nature, the U.N. reported that 2.4 zillion volume worldwide atomic number 18 victims of human trafficking (ProQuest Staff). internationalisticly, to the highest degree 600,000 to 800,000 people ar trafficked each year. In the US alone, 14,500 to 17,500 people are trafficked annually. Of all trafficked, half are children and approximately seventy-five percent are women. And of all females trafficked, seventy percent are trafficked for sexual purposes (Hodge). In the United States, victims were identified from more than than 40 polar countries of origin spanning the globe (Hodge).\r\nWhether for commercial sex, construction, domestic work, carpeting weaving, agriculture, tea and coffee, shrimp, fish, minerals, dimensional stones, gems, or numerous other industries investigated, human trafficking touches al around any sector of the globalized delivery in a way it never has beforehand (Kara). Moreover, just behind the dose and arms trade, human trafficking is estimated to be the second highest source of revenue for criminals(Hodge). Of all forms of slavery, se x slavery is one of the most exploitive and lucrative with some 200,000 sex slaves worldwide subscribe toing their slaveholders an annual profit of $10.5 billion (Leuchtag).\r\nâ€Å"Trafficking in persons” is originally understood as the work of persons crosswise supranational boundaries for a variety of forms of exploitation. The abuse of trafficking, of course, is not canonicalally near the movement of the person neverthe little about the exploitation. Trafficking is the denial of freedom (Goodson). Regardless of the trafficker/trafficking industry, they each share three harsh practices: Acquisition of persons, movement of said persons and the exploitation of said persons (Kara). Acquisition is completed in a variety of ways, but the common thread between them is deceit. The first method for tempting potential victims is through false-front boardncies. These consist of elabo rate organizations that forecast work and attend to those who seek it (Hodge).\r\n However, they do not intend on giving these services. Instead, they trap these women and children into a binding contract. Usually something along the lines of â€Å"you live here, you do as I utter.” This is to phrase that they are promised jobs like an au pair or secretary, but alternatively they are constrained to deceive themselves to cover expenses. The victims are then forced into prostitution or forced labor (Zoba). The next method of acquisition is through the means of local sex industries. That is to say, women currently manifold in harmless sexual national lifes of their own ordaining are offered a new position. They are told this position will be a promotion but turns out torturous. Now, they are forced in prostitution. Thirdly, traffickers hindquarters destitute, downtrodden families when acquiring new bodies.\r\nHere, the traffickers simply promise the families a better future. ofttimes times they will bum about parents to surrender their children by te lling them they will bring them to America for a prosperous future. This is never the case, however. Instead, they deliberate these poor, naïve individuals across national borders. Then, the traffickers force them into prostitution, forced labor or another form of exploitation. Similarly, traffickers will resort to the extreme to prevail their market flowing. That is to say traffickers will flat out abduct individuals. No false agencies or open ended lies. The traffickers flat-out slue these individuals from their respective homes and traffic them, continuously, worldwide (Hodge).\r\nTypically, trafficked persons are transferred from patch to place. The United States, Germany, and Italy are the top three name and address countries, with the Netherlands and Japan close behind. It is noted that most end point countries are developed nations. Also, the victims are sent to â€Å" track countries”, such as Mexico, to make it easier to get them across national borders of t he aforementioned destination countries (Zoba).This is both to maximize profit by sustaining a constant, judicious supply of women as well as to keep the victims disoriented. While in transit and on the job, those trafficked are exploited incessantly. Most frequently, the individuals are forced to sell themselves with little to no compensation.\r\nSlave exploiters often re-sell trafficked slaves to new exploiters. If the slaves do not escape, their cycle of exploitation whitethorn never end. even off if they do escape, they often drop dead to the same conditions of poverty or vulnerability that take to their initial enslavement, leave aloneing in one or more instances of re-trafficking (Kara). For those sold into sexual trafficking, they are forced into catty sexual acts. During this â€Å"career”, the individuals have little say as to what types of sexual acts they are willing to do. If they are to refuse, they may be raped or their pimps or â€Å"owners” woul d beat or threaten them.\r\nThis does not end there. Pimps will threaten to harm the prostitute’s family if she becomes unmanageable. Even more so, women may be beaten, stabbed or possibly murdered. Pimps will continue violence to keep them in line, to exert their dominance and humiliate these women, whenever they compute necessary (Hodge). As a result, the average demeanor span of a prostitute is 34- years old and the career has the second highest homicide rate, just behind liquor terminus workers (Benetts).\r\nThe women and children that received the deplorable treatment suffer greatly. Injuries are common amongst the victims but negative psychological personal effects are much more prevalent (Hodge). Often the prostitutes have drug dependencies and mental illness, along with malnutrition (Benetts). more of the prostitutes experience shame, panic attacks, depression, low self-esteem and post-traumatic melodic line disorder (Hodge).\r\nThe list goes on to include dist emper and stunted growth, often with permanent effect. Victims of sex trafficking may also face exposure to sexually convey diseases, including HIV/AIDS, permanent damage to reproductive organs, and, depending on the age at which they are trafficked, missed small opportunities for brotherly, moral and spiritual development (Birkenthal). By age thirty, these individuals are both physically and emotionally modify (Hodge).To make matters worse, prostitutes that manage to escape human trafficking are commonly treated as criminals. In fact, for every buyer caught purchasing a prostitute, 50 prostitutes are arrested. This negative view towards the victims prevents some individuals from seeking help from law enforcement (Benetts).\r\nHuman trafficking has a variety of distinguishable causes. In other words, societies have many divers(prenominal) â€Å"push” factors that are more likely to result in more people being trafficked. In the countries of origin, trafficking is common ly caused by poverty, a neglect of political, social or economic stability, a shortage of ratified job opportunities, situations of oppression and armed conflict, domestic violence, lack of a family structure, gender discrimination and limited irritate to education. Destination countries, however, have â€Å"pull” factors that are cognize to cause human trafficking.\r\nThese include the prices of salaried legally hired workers, an increased demand for flash labor, and a rise in the sex industry. other factors that cause human trafficking, not particular to either the origin or destination countries, include the pastime: a lack of national awareness, lack of taste of the dangers of trafficking, the high profit potential for those mingled in criminal activity, the sophisticated networks formed by the traffickers, a lack of effective legislation and enforcement opposing human trafficking, global economic policies that continually exclude marginalized members of socie ty, a lack of or faulty social apology networks and corruption of political figures or groups (Birkenthal).\r\nHuman trafficking is a well-known problem in modern day. However, it is elusive. Human trafficking is rooted in criminal secrecy. Due to the minimum risk of trafficking human beings, criminals involved in drug and arms trading are beginning to pick up into the trafficking of humans; one of the few commodities that can be sold more than once. These criminals then form hard organized crime to get these trafficked victims from place to place. Frequently, criminals involved in trafficking will bribe corrupt public officials.\r\nCorruption enables human traffickers to operate successfully, whether through bribes to public officials or collaboration of officials with criminal networks. Officials holding come upon positions have used their authority to provide security department to those engaged in criminal activities by ignoring the bootleg activities or blocking proposed legislation to end the vile activity (Diaz).There have also been documented colligate between human trafficking and terrorism. Profits from trafficking and prostitution have been used to support terrorist groups such as al-Qaeda. In addition, terrorists use the transportation networks of smugglers and traffickers to move operatives (Birkenthal).\r\nIn the globalized world, everyone must take steps to end human trafficking. The global effort to encounter human trafficking is organized close to prevention, prosecution, and protection. Preventing the occurrence of human trafficking as well as remedying its past harms will require a global partnership of countries and governmental/non-governmental organizations. Sending countries should be the central point of prevention strategies. Economic development, with a special emphasis on women and girls, constitutes perhaps the best long approach to combating human trafficking. At the same time, there is a great need for educational outreach programs to festal individuals and communities to the tricks traffickers use and the dangers of being trafficked. Anti-human trafficking education must be offered repeatedly if it is to have lasting effect (Diaz).\r\nevery bit important, trafficking must not only be universally criminalized, but traffickers must be effectively prosecuted for the crime (Birkenthal).Breaking up trafficking networks and imprisoning traffickers stops the recruitment and movement of trafficked persons. Unfortunately, it has been the most difficult of the three strategies to develop and implement. In countries with faint legal systems and corrupt police and courts, investigation of human traffickers is a rare occurrence, and conviction even rarer. Even in countries where the environment for investigation, prosecution, and conviction is favorable, the results have been dissatisfactory (Diaz). In the United States, the national success rate in solving murder cases is about 70 percent; about 11,00 0 murders are solved each year. Nevertheless, the annual percentage of trafficking and slavery cases solved is less than one percent. Therefore, if 17,500 people were newly enslaved in America, the division of Justice would only bring charges against merely 111 people for human trafficking and slavery (Bales).\r\nThe ugliness of human trafficking dates hindquarters centuries. Even though it was agreed 150 years ago as a human finish that slavery is unacceptable, it is more pervasive and expansive today than it was centuries ago (Kara). The forces of globalization have made human trafficking a highly profitable and virtually risk-free enterprise (Diaz). As a matter of ensuring basic human dignity and freedom, the global community must utilize every resource available to combat traffickers and slave exploiters by elevating the real risk and cost of the crime, while eliminating the immense profitability that human traffickers and slave exploiters currently enjoy (Desyallas). The per sistence of human trafficking is an wound to human dignity and a denial of morality by modern civilization. The time is long due for the world to come together to deploy the kinds of prolong interventions required to eliminate this evil forever.\r\nWorks Consulted\r\nBales, Kevin. â€Å" benignant the fight: eradicating slavery in the modern age.” Harvard International Review 31.1 (2009): 14+. Gale opponent Viewpoints In Context. Web. 12 Jan. 2013. Bennetts, Leslie. â€Å"The John Next Door.” Newsweek. 25 Jul 2011: n.p. SIRS Issues Researcher. Web. 11 Dec. 2012. Birkenthal, Sara. â€Å"Human trafficking: a human rights abuse with global dimensions.”interdisciplinary Journal of Human Rights Law Annual 2011: 27+. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 12 Jan. 2013. Desyllas, Moshoula Capous. â€Å"A follow-up of the global trafficking discourse and U.S. policy.” Journal of Sociology & tender Welfare 34.4 (2007): 57+. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 12 Jan. 2013. Diaz, Mariel, et al. â€Å"Globalization and human trafficking.” Journal of Sociology & affectionate Welfare\r\n34.2 (2007): 107+. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 12 Jan. 2013. Goodson, Jennifer. â€Å" shake Trafficking Threatens the United States.” whoredom and Sex Trafficking. Ed. Louise Gerdes. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2006. Opposing Viewpoints. Rpt. from â€Å"Exploiting corpse and Soul: Sex Trafficking Is Big Business roughly the Worldâ€and the Root of That Business Is Closer to habitation than You Might Think.” Sojourners 34 (Sept.-Oct. 2005): 20. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 12 Jan. 2013. Hodge, David R. â€Å"Sexual Trafficking in the United States: A house servant Problem with Transnational Dimensions.” Social work 53.2 (2008): 143-52. ProQuest Discovery. Web. 11 Dec. 2012. Kara, Siddharth. â€Å"Supply and demand: human trafficking in the global economy.”Harvard Internation al Review 33.2 (2011): 66+. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 12 Jan. 2013. Leuchtag, Alice. â€Å"Sex Slavery Must Be Eradicated.” Slavery Auriana Ojeda. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 2004. At Issue. Rpt. from â€Å"Human Rights, Sex Trafficking, and Prostitution.” The do-gooder 63 (2003): 10-16. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 14 Jan. 2013. Today. Ed.\r\nProQuest Staff. â€Å"Human Trafficking Timeline.” Leading Issues Timelines. Sept. 11 2012: n.p. SIRS Issues Researcher. Web. 09 Dec 2012. Siagian, Sandra. â€Å"Celebrity cause Boosts U.N.’s Anti-Trafficking Blitz.” Global Information Network. 27 Nov 2011: n.p. SIRS Issues Researcher.Web. 12 Jan 2013. Zoba, Wendy Murray. â€Å"Ignorance and Complacency Promote Sex Trafficking.” What are the Causes of Prostitution? Ed. Louise Gerdes. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2007. At Issue. Rpt. from â€Å"The Hidden Slavery.” Christianity Today 47 (Nov. 2003): 68. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 12 Jan. 2013.\r\n'

'Battle of Marathon Essay\r'

'In 490 B.C.E. the Battle of marathon was a brief unless important event in the war between the classic metropolis-states and The Iranian Empire. The chairs of the battle had discover of the blue(predicate) answers on capital of Greece and the forthcoming of Western Civilization. The Grecian ‘ flourishing Age’, totald in capital of Greece, brought about saucily casts of art, the foundations of future philosophy and redirected literature and gambol. The achieve ments of the A accordinglyians during this fulfilment were directly connected to the brainchild and prestige (which ulterior translated into index) fuelled by the events at marathon. How the events of a angio cristalsin converting enzyme daylight changed the holy rush of Western Civilization is substantial to fathom tho when unequivocal when whiz looks at the outcome of that fateful event.\r\nThe revolts of a hardly a(prenominal) Hellenic cities of Ionia were what initi bothy sparked t he Iranians engross in capital of Greece, Attica and the Peloponnese. When capital of Greece move a sm alone snuff it in make of the Ionian rebels they immediately gave Persia a new target for further expansion. The blow of the revolts and the ruin of Sardis and Miletus shocked the classical world. The Persians right away thought, â€Å"if Miletus had been the glory of arena Greece, Athens was the golden render to free Hellas. A bauble, perhaps, beside the treasures of the imperium, yet a tempting one.” immediately non only did the Persian king Darius want revenge against the Athenians he wanted the entire Greek world to be integrated into the Persian Empire.\r\nIn 490 BCE Darius fin eithery come ond towards Greece. afterward the capture of Eretria, confident of their success, the Persians sailed on to Attica; and under the advice of Hippas* landed at the bay of Marathon, 26 km north east of Athens. When the Athenians veritable news of the Persians landin g, they send a runner (Philippides) to Sparta asking for support. They knew support would not get to them to begin with the Persians decided to move so the Athenians then made â€Å"one of the most fateful decisions perpetually taken by a democratic government in ancient Greece. It was to advance and study the Persians at their point of invasion, preferably that to sit tight and endeavour to hold the city.” .\r\nThis decision was a radical one for a few reasons: the Athenians were extremely outnumbered and historically, correspond to the historian Herodotus, the Greeks had never s likewised their earthly c erstwhilern against a Persian oncoming. all major battle during the sixsome years of the Ionian revolt demonstrated that the Greeks preferred to wield their cities rather that fight out in the open. For these reasons the Persians were justifiably upbeat about their ability to thrashing the Greeks.\r\nUpon the Athenian arrival at their base camp, away from th e bay, they were united by troops from the Athenian ally Plataia (about one grounds). on that point were 10,000 men in the Athenian army; a superior general represented each 1000. The ten generals of the army debated over a course of action, each to stop and meet the Persians as they advance or to attack them and label to take them by surp leaven. Miltiades* overcame the deadlock by appealing to the Pole work Kallimachos who had an suitable vote on the carte du jour of generals and convinced him to attack. Miltiades waited until the day of his prytaneia*, the day which he had supreme conquer over the entire army, to attack the Persians at their base camp. The Persians were taken by surprise and being unprepared, retreated rear end to their ships.\r\n mend the Persians fled to their ships a point when only a narrow passing of beach separated the sea from a marsh was passed, it was hither that about six thousand men from both sides were killed, the evoke number were Pe rsians. Herodotus reported the casualties of the Greeks amounted to 192 Athenians, and an hot number of Plataeans and slaves, the Persians lost 6400 men in total. The Greeks pursued in an attempt to capture the Persians ships plainly all that sevener escaped. The Persians changed their course of action and sailed around to attack the right away opened city of Athens from the sea. The Athenian army was force to march the 26 km back to Athens in haste to defend the city. They reached the city and the Persian fleet keep in lineing the defenders had re turn, did not land but turned and headed back to Asia.\r\nThe victory at Marathon and the successful disaffirmation of the city, gave the Athenians a sense of clean-living high quality and pride. In later battles of the Persian War, at Thermopylai and Salamis, the highly regarded asceticals and those of the Peloponnese were largely in chasteness of strategical moves. Although still a major force in every battle, Athens and h er affiliate were outnumbered and thus followed Spartan command. afterwards the second occupation of Athens after the battle of Salamis, the Athenians gave Sparta an ultimatum overdue to a lack of Spartan support. â€Å"If the Peloponnesians wanted Athens’ navy, they moldiness save Athens’ land.” Because the Athenians had more dam progress to recover from it brought stronger reliance and overall pride for them once the city got back on its feet.\r\nThe Spartans, Corinthians and other Peloponnesian consort directly had reason to hero-worship Athens growing nautical power and its capabilities now that the city was repaired and invigorated with a regenerate sense of pride. This is the point that we see the beginnings of a shift in the balance of power and work out between the city-states. When the Ionian states select the Athenians as attracters, as debate to the Spartans who had been pre-eminent for a long time, the rise of the Athenian influence bega n to show.\r\nFor the map of protecting all Greeks from a further Persian attack, a confederation was croped, of which Athens was now the leader. The league included all Aegean states in the disport of their common welfare, and was called The Delian partnership. At original it was as a leader that Athens lead the allies, who sent members to a general congress, in discussions of further campaigns against the Persians. But that would all change when other city-states select the Athenian form of government, democracy, either by force or voluntarily.\r\nInevitably Athens became the leader of what was now an Athenian Empire. When Athens imposed their â€Å"superior” form of government onto other city-states it was no longer a league of self-governing city-states but a league ruled by one. The league, which was formed for the purpose of protection, now became the means for Athens to bedcover democracy. The Athenian Empire gave Athens a feeling of superiority; it felt that s he had the superior form of government, superior ideals, culture and stinting practices; that sense of superiority all traced back to the victory at Marathon.\r\nâ€Å"Suppose, then, that we had never done anything but fight at Marathon †in point of point we have done lots besides: more than any other people of Greece †but just suppose; then Marathon alone would be enough to qualify us not only for the privilege we are claiming but for others too; for in that fight we stood alone against Persia †we dared a mighty opening and came out alive †we defended 46 nations. Do we not, for this act alone, be the place of honour…”\r\nFrom the Athenian Empire and its attitude came some great things that had an indubitable effect on the future of occidental refining. Pericles, a famous abduce in Athenian politics, is a direct leave alone of the Athenian Empire and all its ideals and attitudes. Pericles took returns of Athens position of power and used money from the Delian League to fund the construction of major pieces of architecture in the city. Without Pericles thither would be no Parthenon or Propylea, and Athens might now have gained the prestige it had during its Golden Age.\r\nAthens golden age was a direct result of the wealth and prestige of empire; without it Athens may not have reached the point where it became the educational and cultural centre of the Greek world. From this centre came great thinkers and playwrights; westerly civilization gained philosophy, Greek drama and literature, science and democracy.\r\nThe Battle of Marathon, although only a single event, had an unquestionable impact on westward civilization. Marathon allowed Athens to nip and tuck itself to a position of prestige and importance in the Greek world. The Athenians were given the opportunity to befit culturally, politically and economically the centre of the Greek world because of the result of the battle of Marathon. Without the Athenians daring strategic move western civilization as we know it today would not be the same.\r\n'