'Human Trafficking: A Transnational Problem Essay\r'

' compassionate trafficking is the world’s oldest form of hard workerry. Since biblical times, men, women and children know been sold crossways borders into buckle downry. serviceman trafficking immediately is a growing business. world rights groups estimate that the number of modern slaves exceeds that of the Atlantic slave trade in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries (ProQuest Staff). In the modern world, orbiculateization has made it easier to mobilize these exploited individuals. adult male trafficking is a recognized problem world-wide that is brought on for various reasons and the methods to finish up trafficking have, thus far, locomote short.\r\nFirst, it is important to understand precisely what compassionate trafficking is. concord to Diaz, homo race race trafficking is as follows: â€Å"the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring or receipt of persons, by means of threat or use of pass or late(prenominal) forms of coercion, of abdu ction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power or of a correct of vulnerability or of the crowing or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person, for the figure of exploitation. Exploitation sh separately include, at a minimum,… the prostitution of others or other forms of sexual exploitation, compel labor or services, slavery or practices similar to slavery, servitude or the removal of organs (UN, 2000, art. 3).” While it seems un deally that here in the 21st century slavery still exists, it is a growing concern.\r\nIn fact, it has grown to â€Å"epidemic” proportions as the forces of globoseization have made human trafficking a highly profitable and virtu from each one(prenominal)y unhazardous opening (Kara). While exact statistics ar elusive referable to human trafficking’s clandestine nature, the U.N. reported that 2.4 zillion volume worldwide atomic number 18 victims of human trafficking (ProQuest Staff). internationalisticly, to the highest degree 600,000 to 800,000 people ar trafficked each year. In the US alone, 14,500 to 17,500 people are trafficked annually. Of all trafficked, half are children and approximately seventy-five percent are women. And of all females trafficked, seventy percent are trafficked for sexual purposes (Hodge). In the United States, victims were identified from more than than 40 polar countries of origin spanning the globe (Hodge).\r\nWhether for commercial sex, construction, domestic work, carpeting weaving, agriculture, tea and coffee, shrimp, fish, minerals, dimensional stones, gems, or numerous other industries investigated, human trafficking touches al around any sector of the globalized delivery in a way it never has beforehand (Kara). Moreover, just behind the dose and arms trade, human trafficking is estimated to be the second highest source of revenue for criminals(Hodge). Of all forms of slavery, se x slavery is one of the most exploitive and lucrative with some 200,000 sex slaves worldwide subscribe toing their slaveholders an annual profit of $10.5 billion (Leuchtag).\r\nâ€Å"Trafficking in persons” is originally understood as the work of persons crosswise supranational boundaries for a variety of forms of exploitation. The abuse of trafficking, of course, is not canonicalally near the movement of the person neverthe little about the exploitation. Trafficking is the denial of freedom (Goodson). Regardless of the trafficker/trafficking industry, they each share three harsh practices: Acquisition of persons, movement of said persons and the exploitation of said persons (Kara). Acquisition is completed in a variety of ways, but the common thread between them is deceit. The first method for tempting potential victims is through false-front boardncies. These consist of elabo rate organizations that forecast work and attend to those who seek it (Hodge).\r\n However, they do not intend on giving these services. Instead, they trap these women and children into a binding contract. Usually something along the lines of â€Å"you live here, you do as I utter.” This is to phrase that they are promised jobs like an au pair or secretary, but alternatively they are constrained to deceive themselves to cover expenses. The victims are then forced into prostitution or forced labor (Zoba). The next method of acquisition is through the means of local sex industries. That is to say, women currently manifold in harmless sexual national lifes of their own ordaining are offered a new position. They are told this position will be a promotion but turns out torturous. Now, they are forced in prostitution. Thirdly, traffickers hindquarters destitute, downtrodden families when acquiring new bodies.\r\nHere, the traffickers simply promise the families a better future. ofttimes times they will bum about parents to surrender their children by te lling them they will bring them to America for a prosperous future. This is never the case, however. Instead, they deliberate these poor, naïve individuals across national borders. Then, the traffickers force them into prostitution, forced labor or another form of exploitation. Similarly, traffickers will resort to the extreme to prevail their market flowing. That is to say traffickers will flat out abduct individuals. No false agencies or open ended lies. The traffickers flat-out slue these individuals from their respective homes and traffic them, continuously, worldwide (Hodge).\r\nTypically, trafficked persons are transferred from patch to place. The United States, Germany, and Italy are the top three name and address countries, with the Netherlands and Japan close behind. It is noted that most end point countries are developed nations. Also, the victims are sent to â€Å" track countries”, such as Mexico, to make it easier to get them across national borders of t he aforementioned destination countries (Zoba).This is both to maximize profit by sustaining a constant, judicious supply of women as well as to keep the victims disoriented. While in transit and on the job, those trafficked are exploited incessantly. Most frequently, the individuals are forced to sell themselves with little to no compensation.\r\nSlave exploiters often re-sell trafficked slaves to new exploiters. If the slaves do not escape, their cycle of exploitation whitethorn never end. even off if they do escape, they often drop dead to the same conditions of poverty or vulnerability that take to their initial enslavement, leave aloneing in one or more instances of re-trafficking (Kara). For those sold into sexual trafficking, they are forced into catty sexual acts. During this â€Å"career”, the individuals have little say as to what types of sexual acts they are willing to do. If they are to refuse, they may be raped or their pimps or â€Å"owners” woul d beat or threaten them.\r\nThis does not end there. Pimps will threaten to harm the prostitute’s family if she becomes unmanageable. Even more so, women may be beaten, stabbed or possibly murdered. Pimps will continue violence to keep them in line, to exert their dominance and humiliate these women, whenever they compute necessary (Hodge). As a result, the average demeanor span of a prostitute is 34- years old and the career has the second highest homicide rate, just behind liquor terminus workers (Benetts).\r\nThe women and children that received the deplorable treatment suffer greatly. Injuries are common amongst the victims but negative psychological personal effects are much more prevalent (Hodge). Often the prostitutes have drug dependencies and mental illness, along with malnutrition (Benetts). more of the prostitutes experience shame, panic attacks, depression, low self-esteem and post-traumatic melodic line disorder (Hodge).\r\nThe list goes on to include dist emper and stunted growth, often with permanent effect. Victims of sex trafficking may also face exposure to sexually convey diseases, including HIV/AIDS, permanent damage to reproductive organs, and, depending on the age at which they are trafficked, missed small opportunities for brotherly, moral and spiritual development (Birkenthal). By age thirty, these individuals are both physically and emotionally modify (Hodge).To make matters worse, prostitutes that manage to escape human trafficking are commonly treated as criminals. In fact, for every buyer caught purchasing a prostitute, 50 prostitutes are arrested. This negative view towards the victims prevents some individuals from seeking help from law enforcement (Benetts).\r\nHuman trafficking has a variety of distinguishable causes. In other words, societies have many divers(prenominal) â€Å"push” factors that are more likely to result in more people being trafficked. In the countries of origin, trafficking is common ly caused by poverty, a neglect of political, social or economic stability, a shortage of ratified job opportunities, situations of oppression and armed conflict, domestic violence, lack of a family structure, gender discrimination and limited irritate to education. Destination countries, however, have â€Å"pull” factors that are cognize to cause human trafficking.\r\nThese include the prices of salaried legally hired workers, an increased demand for flash labor, and a rise in the sex industry. other factors that cause human trafficking, not particular to either the origin or destination countries, include the pastime: a lack of national awareness, lack of taste of the dangers of trafficking, the high profit potential for those mingled in criminal activity, the sophisticated networks formed by the traffickers, a lack of effective legislation and enforcement opposing human trafficking, global economic policies that continually exclude marginalized members of socie ty, a lack of or faulty social apology networks and corruption of political figures or groups (Birkenthal).\r\nHuman trafficking is a well-known problem in modern day. However, it is elusive. Human trafficking is rooted in criminal secrecy. Due to the minimum risk of trafficking human beings, criminals involved in drug and arms trading are beginning to pick up into the trafficking of humans; one of the few commodities that can be sold more than once. These criminals then form hard organized crime to get these trafficked victims from place to place. Frequently, criminals involved in trafficking will bribe corrupt public officials.\r\nCorruption enables human traffickers to operate successfully, whether through bribes to public officials or collaboration of officials with criminal networks. Officials holding come upon positions have used their authority to provide security department to those engaged in criminal activities by ignoring the bootleg activities or blocking proposed legislation to end the vile activity (Diaz).There have also been documented colligate between human trafficking and terrorism. Profits from trafficking and prostitution have been used to support terrorist groups such as al-Qaeda. In addition, terrorists use the transportation networks of smugglers and traffickers to move operatives (Birkenthal).\r\nIn the globalized world, everyone must take steps to end human trafficking. The global effort to encounter human trafficking is organized close to prevention, prosecution, and protection. Preventing the occurrence of human trafficking as well as remedying its past harms will require a global partnership of countries and governmental/non-governmental organizations. Sending countries should be the central point of prevention strategies. Economic development, with a special emphasis on women and girls, constitutes perhaps the best long approach to combating human trafficking. At the same time, there is a great need for educational outreach programs to festal individuals and communities to the tricks traffickers use and the dangers of being trafficked. Anti-human trafficking education must be offered repeatedly if it is to have lasting effect (Diaz).\r\nevery bit important, trafficking must not only be universally criminalized, but traffickers must be effectively prosecuted for the crime (Birkenthal).Breaking up trafficking networks and imprisoning traffickers stops the recruitment and movement of trafficked persons. Unfortunately, it has been the most difficult of the three strategies to develop and implement. In countries with faint legal systems and corrupt police and courts, investigation of human traffickers is a rare occurrence, and conviction even rarer. Even in countries where the environment for investigation, prosecution, and conviction is favorable, the results have been dissatisfactory (Diaz). In the United States, the national success rate in solving murder cases is about 70 percent; about 11,00 0 murders are solved each year. Nevertheless, the annual percentage of trafficking and slavery cases solved is less than one percent. Therefore, if 17,500 people were newly enslaved in America, the division of Justice would only bring charges against merely 111 people for human trafficking and slavery (Bales).\r\nThe ugliness of human trafficking dates hindquarters centuries. Even though it was agreed 150 years ago as a human finish that slavery is unacceptable, it is more pervasive and expansive today than it was centuries ago (Kara). The forces of globalization have made human trafficking a highly profitable and virtually risk-free enterprise (Diaz). As a matter of ensuring basic human dignity and freedom, the global community must utilize every resource available to combat traffickers and slave exploiters by elevating the real risk and cost of the crime, while eliminating the immense profitability that human traffickers and slave exploiters currently enjoy (Desyallas). The per sistence of human trafficking is an wound to human dignity and a denial of morality by modern civilization. The time is long due for the world to come together to deploy the kinds of prolong interventions required to eliminate this evil forever.\r\nWorks Consulted\r\nBales, Kevin. â€Å" benignant the fight: eradicating slavery in the modern age.” Harvard International Review 31.1 (2009): 14+. Gale opponent Viewpoints In Context. Web. 12 Jan. 2013. Bennetts, Leslie. â€Å"The John Next Door.” Newsweek. 25 Jul 2011: n.p. SIRS Issues Researcher. Web. 11 Dec. 2012. Birkenthal, Sara. â€Å"Human trafficking: a human rights abuse with global dimensions.”interdisciplinary Journal of Human Rights Law Annual 2011: 27+. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 12 Jan. 2013. Desyllas, Moshoula Capous. â€Å"A follow-up of the global trafficking discourse and U.S. policy.” Journal of Sociology & tender Welfare 34.4 (2007): 57+. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 12 Jan. 2013. Diaz, Mariel, et al. â€Å"Globalization and human trafficking.” Journal of Sociology & affectionate Welfare\r\n34.2 (2007): 107+. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 12 Jan. 2013. Goodson, Jennifer. â€Å" shake Trafficking Threatens the United States.” whoredom and Sex Trafficking. Ed. Louise Gerdes. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2006. Opposing Viewpoints. Rpt. from â€Å"Exploiting corpse and Soul: Sex Trafficking Is Big Business roughly the Worldâ€and the Root of That Business Is Closer to habitation than You Might Think.” Sojourners 34 (Sept.-Oct. 2005): 20. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 12 Jan. 2013. Hodge, David R. â€Å"Sexual Trafficking in the United States: A house servant Problem with Transnational Dimensions.” Social work 53.2 (2008): 143-52. ProQuest Discovery. Web. 11 Dec. 2012. Kara, Siddharth. â€Å"Supply and demand: human trafficking in the global economy.”Harvard Internation al Review 33.2 (2011): 66+. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 12 Jan. 2013. Leuchtag, Alice. â€Å"Sex Slavery Must Be Eradicated.” Slavery Auriana Ojeda. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 2004. At Issue. Rpt. from â€Å"Human Rights, Sex Trafficking, and Prostitution.” The do-gooder 63 (2003): 10-16. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 14 Jan. 2013. Today. Ed.\r\nProQuest Staff. â€Å"Human Trafficking Timeline.” Leading Issues Timelines. Sept. 11 2012: n.p. SIRS Issues Researcher. Web. 09 Dec 2012. Siagian, Sandra. â€Å"Celebrity cause Boosts U.N.’s Anti-Trafficking Blitz.” Global Information Network. 27 Nov 2011: n.p. SIRS Issues Researcher.Web. 12 Jan 2013. Zoba, Wendy Murray. â€Å"Ignorance and Complacency Promote Sex Trafficking.” What are the Causes of Prostitution? Ed. Louise Gerdes. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2007. At Issue. Rpt. from â€Å"The Hidden Slavery.” Christianity Today 47 (Nov. 2003): 68. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 12 Jan. 2013.\r\n'