The Monkeys Voyage by Alan de Queiroz | Review

The brownies Voyage by Alan de Queiroz ReviewIntroductionThere are a number of basic definitions that have to be considered in advance an individualist before providing a scientific analysis and review of the parole by Alan Quieroz (2013) that is the Monkeys voyage. One such definition is the purpose of biogeography. Biogeography refers to the contract of the dash in which living beingness, are adequate to move around the study planet land. For instance, biogeography concerns itself with how the aforementioned(prenominal) species of monkeys are open in Africa, and in South America. In other words, Biogeography concerns itself with an analysis of the panache which the corresponding species of animals are adequate to be found in the same continent. One of the study reasons advanced for the point of such kind of a phenomenon is the concept of carapace tectonics. Plate tectonics refers to the structure of earth, which are fitting travel and float independently. Th is is the most greens argument that scientists have managed to bring out, in regard to explaining why the same species exists in distinguish equal split of the continent. Another important definition that an individual needs to understand, before scientifically analyzing this have, is the concept of vicariance.This is a term that is employ for purposes of providing a description of certain types of living organisms, that were able to get illogical into groups that are non-communicating, with external circumstances. Examples include the submersion of a land, the startle of a mountain range, etc. Another important term that is contained in this volume is Gondwana. This is a scientific term that refers to the Southern half of the continent, which existed millions of days ago, but was able to fragment, and drift apart. Therefore, this paper is a review of the book by Dr. de Queiroz.. In providing a review of this book, the researcher will part two approaches. The first approa ch is the manner in which this book explains the major(ip) scientific points. The second approach would be an overall analysis of the book, and how the former manages to convey scientific ideas, and use examples to explain these ideas.ReviewIn create verbally this book, the author manages to use the three scientific approaches that are always utilize in scientific research. These approaches are, the identification of the historic origin of the concept, the concept itself, and any(prenominal) future consideration regarding the concept. In giving an business relationship on the reasons why the same species are found in distinct parts of the continent, Dr. de Queiroz begins by providing the historical biogeography, and the reasons why he thinks that the breakage of the tectonic plates is not the major reason for the existence of the same specifies of animals, in different continents. In providing the historical origin of his points, de Queiroz is able to introduce a leading scho lar of biology, by the name of Leon Croizat. De Queiroz gives us a description of the works of Croizat, and the manner in which he was able to dispute the explanation of the existence of earth by Charles Darwin, and the existence of the same species of animals in different continents, through the serve up of plate tectonics. Croizat believes that Darwin was wrong, through his concept of natural survival of the fittest (De Quieroz, 11). Natural selection is a scientific solve, in which the biological traits of an animal can become common, or less common, within a population. This may occur because of the traits that are transmissible during the reproductive process of the organism. It is therefore important to explain that natural selection is one of the important aspects of the hypothesis of developing that explains the existence of the world. Therefore, another concept that is introduced in this book is evolution, which is a speculative framework that was developed by Charle s Darwin, to explain the reasons for the existence of different species of animals. These animals evolved, and through the process of natural selection, the toughest animals and species were able to survive, and indeed exists.The system of evolution and natural selection focuses on the surroundings in explaining the reasons why animals are found in a crabby continent or environment. Based on these facts, it is therefore possible to name that this is a theoretical framework that does not support the use of the theory of tectonic plates to explain the reason why the same species of animals are found in the same region. This section further brings us to the concept of historical biogeography, and the reasons why it is not sufficient in explaining the distribution of species around the world, or in different continents of the world. Historical biogeography is the study of the distribution of animals, and how they were distributed, based on different time scales. From this book, we are able to learn that this was one of the major concepts or elements of the theory of evolution. A good example of the historical biogeography that is represent in the book is on the primate time tree that negotiation or so the voyage of the monkeys (De Quiroz, p. 214). This time tree shows the evolution of the monkeys, from the millions of years ago, to the online species of monkeys, hence reinforcing the ideas of Charles Darwin, in regard to the concept of the evolution theory. The author of this book uses the concepts of historical biogeography, to give an explanation why the Tectonic plate theory cannot explain the reasons for the existence of the same species of animals, in different continents of the world. Furthermore, in public debate against the existence of the same species of animals, in different continents, the author introduces the concept of panbiogeography.De Quiroz (p. 33) in defending his argument that animals were not found in different parts of the continent through geographical dispersal borrows this concept panbiogeography concept that was introduced by Croizat. De Quiroz argues that it was virtually impossible for the same animals to find themselves in different continents because of dispersal, and he provides examples to illustrate this point. For instance, it is not likely for the same species of snails to find themselves in the same continent, by attaching themselves to the tail of a bird, or even a rover to find itself in a different continent, by using its web, and creation carried by wind. These are impossible circumstances to occur hence this theoretical notion of tectonic plates is absurd, and uncalled for. Section two and section three of this book are used in the explanation of the reasons why the de Quiroz believes that the same species of animals did not find themselves in different continents, through the breakup of the land mass, or through the process of tectonic plates. For instance, de Quiroz does a great job, in overture up with a new method, that can be used for purposes of conducting the process of genetic sequencing. De Quiroz uses this method for purposes of estimating the stopover in which two populations, of the same species were able to split, in the last one hundred thousand of years.In this study, De Quiroz explains that the supporter snakes were able to float in an open ocean, which was approximately 120 miles, and this is an explanation on why they can be found in different regions of the world. His study of snakes began when de Queiroz was curious on the reasons for existence of the helper snakes, at the jacket crown of California. This was one of the major factors that contributed in the desire of Quiroz to study and examine the opposition of tectonic plates theory, in the dispersal of living organisms. For instance, De Quieroz was able to wrongly assume that the species of this snake came into the region, over a long period of time, and this is through the drifting conti nents, when the peninsula, was able to come apart from the mainland. However, through his study of the garter snake, De Quieroz (57) comes to the conclusion that distinctive and vibrant biological communities, were creating, when living organism were able to soar through the atmosphere, and float through the large body of water mass, or water body. Through these findings, De Quieroz manages to come out of the theory of evolution and the theory of tectonic plates that explains the why the same species of animals and other living organisms are found in different continents. This type of friendship and information is genuinely contentious, and this is majorly because it challenges the existing body of knowledge, regarding the dispersion of animals, and other living organisms, through the process of continental drift. For instance, in the 1950s, and the 1960s, geologists were able to find that the coasts of Africa and South America were united, and through the process of tectonic pla tes, these coasts were separated.However, because of new technological innovations, scientists were able to measure the offend of the ocean, revealing several ridges, and this includes a ridge that was found in the Atlantic Ocean. These discoveries were able to provide a clear mechanism on the manner in which the continent was able to creep, making scientists to believe that in about 180 years back, there was the existence of a continent referred to as Gondwana that comprised of Australia, Africa, America, India, and Antarctica. The new knowledge brought about by de Quieroz was challenging these facts, and scientific knowledge, and hence this information is controversial. Furthermore, in explaining the concept of Gondwana, and the continental drifting theory, scientists use the comportment of emus, rheas and ostriches, in explaining why they are found in Africa, Australia, and other continents of the world.Scientist explains that these animals were able to drift to these other con tinents, and this is because of the moving continents. However, the genetic studies that were conducted by De Quieroz (44), on garter snakes, was a proof that these birds found themselves in these different continents, through their movements, and not through the drifting apart of the continent. Other examples include the New foundation monkeys, which were able to move to South America, by rafting themselves, through the use of the earths clump, and today, they comprise of 73% of the land mammals.ConclusionThis book by Quieroz is well written, and it manages to provide clearly the views of de Quiroz, on the reasons why the same species of animals are found in different continents. The information contained in this book is controversial. This is majorly because it challenges the knowledge that existed, on the reasons why the same species of animals are found in different continents. That is the drifting of continents, hence these animals finding themselves in different geographic re gions. whole kit and caboodle CitedDe, Queiroz A. The Monkeys Voyage How Improbable Journeys Shaped the History of Life. 2013. Print.